Education of Law in Turkey

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The aim of education programs of law is to bring up and educate lawyers and legal experts who shall work for the settlement of disputes to be occurred during the execution of law that regulates the relationship of individuals in a society with each other and with government or relationships of governments with each other.

In education programs of law, there are occupational courses given such as; philosophy and sociology of law, Turkish Law History, Constitutional Law, Roman Law, Civil Law, Administrative Law, Public International Law, Islamic Law, Code of Obligations, Criminal Law, Trade Law and Tax Law.

Graduates in Law must have advanced academic skills in the field of their profession, an incredible cogency, strong logic and intuition. Students, who would like to receive education in Faculty of Law, have to know that it is a profession which has an ethical responsibility and that they must be open for improvement and continuously work, read and research. There are professional requirements in order to receive education in the Faculty of Law such as having an advanced oratory skills, effective reading and comprehension skills.

Graduates in Law, usually work as Judge, Prosecutor or Lawyer. Education in Law is a respectful and prestigious study in Turkey. Graduates shall find many opportunities to work not only in the field of law but also in public authorities.

Students, who complete their 4-year bachelor’s degree education in Faculty of Law, usually work as Judge, Prosecutor or Lawyer as per the subject of their internships. Some of those graduates work as Consultants in private companies.

The Judge tries to settle the disputed arising between citizens within the framework of legal rules. It is required to make internship in courts after being graduated from faculty of law in order to be Judge or Prosecutor. A person, who would like to be a judge or prosecutor in Turkey, must apply to Ministry of Justice after being graduated from Faculty of Law. Among those graduates who have the same degree, those who applies first shall be preferred than the others, and those who completed their doctorate degree shall be preferred than all. The place to where graduates shall be assigned after the completion of their internship shall be determined with lot. Some financial privileges are given to judges and prosecutors as per the provisions of the law. Some measures are taken to make judges to be safe and keep them apart from political effects as per their profession. In a manner of speaking, judges could not be dismissed from employment excluding those situations in which they commit any disgraceful crimes or due to any diseases before the age that is stated for retirement in Constitutional Law. Being a Lawyer is usually independent job. Lawyers usually deal with the legal problems of people. Lawyer listens to the person who consults to him and lead him to open a lawsuit in necessity, prepares the defence, submits this defence in written or oral form to the judge during the hearing, follows up the lawsuit and participates into the court committee which makes search in the crime scene if necessary. A person who would like to be a lawyer must make one year internship after being graduated from faculty of law. The half of the internship period shall pass in the courts and the other half shall pass with an experienced lawyer.  A lawyer who shall complete education successfully, could open an office for himself and start accepting lawsuits and render legal consultancy service. Some lawyers work as lawyers or legal consultant in public authorities or private companies. Each lawyer must register in Turkish Bar Association which is an association that controls the activities of occupational members in order to carry on his profession. Opportunity to find job in the profession of lawyer depends on the economical and social conditions of the territory and also to the skills of the lawyer. Other than those, graduates from faculty of law could find a job as legal consultant, auditor, inspector, Foreign Service officer.

Leading universities in Turkey for Education in Law are Ankara University, Istanbul University, Koç University, Galatasaray University, Bilkent University, TOBB University.

Education of Law in Turkey is divided into two programs such as 2 years of associate degree education or 4 years of bachelor’s degree education programs. Many associate degree programs give an opportunity to continue to bachelor’s degree immediately after the graduation without losing any time. Students, who complete their bachelor’s degree education, could continue to master’s degree education which is a more academic level. Master’s degree education in Turkey is in two types as master’s degree education with thesis and master’s degree education without thesis. Master’s degree education programs without thesis are more industry-oriented than academic for whom are mostly working professionally. Students, who receive master’s degree education without thesis, are persons who are sought industrially but this is not appropriate for students who would like to continue to doctorate education and who would like to have an academic career. In master’s degree education without thesis, students shall be graduated by creating projects rather than thesis. Master’s Degree education with thesis lasts generally 2 years, 1 year for courses and 1 year for thesis preparation in Turkey. Master’s degree education without thesis generally lasts 2 years, such as 1 year for courses and 1 year for project. Those students, who shall complete their master’s degree education, could go on in their academic career plans by being registered to doctorate programs.